Learning Objectives:

1. Review of the ethical foundations for informed consent.

2. Differentiate key elements of informed consent and shared decision-making. 

3. Understand the role of parents or guardians as surrogate decision-makers for their children.

4. Appreciate the importance of "assent" vs. "consent" in pediatrics. 

5. Understand the difference between mature minor and emancipated minor, issues of confidentiality.