Learning Objectives:

1. Describe when genetics testing is indicated in the evaluation of men with severe oligospermia/azoospermia.
2. Differentiate the clinical presentation of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in terms of reproductive health.
3. Describe the pathophysiology of varicocele in causing male factor infertility.
4. Identify appropriate laboratory testing for a male presenting for a fertility evaluation.
5. Describe indications for and outcomes associated with microdissection testicular sperm extraction (Micro-TESE).